Since the 1.36 upgrade, the wikitext
# <li value=5>Foo</li>
produces
<ol> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li value="5">Foo</li> </ol>
Example: https://meta.miraheze.org/wiki/User:MusikAnimal/sandbox
This apparently is intentional, and .mw-empty-elt is supposed to be hidden in Core CSS. Git blame states https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/core/+/682773 as the responsible patch which has not been backported to MW 1.36. The size of this patch and the host of dependent might make it risky to backport.
A workaround is to simply add the relevant CSS to Common.css:
.mw-hide-empty-elt .mw-parser-output .mw-empty-elt { display: none; }
However due to T6362 (upstream bug) there's no way to fix this on MobileFrontend :(
Perhaps this CSS could be added to Miraheze's fork of MW?